Vocabulary Chart ESL Lesson Plan

Jargon Chart ESL Lesson Plan Jargon graphs arrive in a wide assortment of structures. Utilizing outlines can help center in around explicit regions of English, bunch together words, show structures and chain of importance, and so forth. One of the most famous kinds of diagram is a MindMap. A MindMap isnt actually a graph, yet rather an approach to sort out data. This jargon outline exercise depends on a MindMap, however instructors can utilize further proposals for adjusting realistic coordinators as jargon graphs. This action assists understudies with enlarging their latent and dynamic jargon dependent on related word bunch regions. Ordinarily, understudies will frequently learn new jargon by basically composing arrangements of new jargon words and afterward remember these words through repetition. Lamentably, this method frequently gives barely any logical hints. Repetition learning assists short with naming learning for tests and so on. Tragically, it doesnt truly give a snare which to recollect new jargon. Jargon diagrams, for example, this MindMap activityâ provide this snare by putting jargon in associated classes in this way helpingâ with long haul memorization.â Start the class by conceptualizing on the best way to learn new jargon requesting understudies input. As a rule, understudies will make reference to composing arrangements of words, utilizing the new word in a sentence, keeping a diary with new words, and interpreting new words. Heres a layout of the exercise with a rundown to assist understudies with beginning. Point: Creation of jargon graphs to be shared around the class Action: Awareness raising of successful jargon learning strategies followed by jargon tree creation in gatherings Level: Any level Framework: Start the exercise by requesting that understudies clarify how they approach learning new vocabulary.Explain the idea of present moment and long haul learning and the significance of logical pieces of information for viable long haul memorization.Ask understudies how they retain new vocabulary. Present making jargon graphs to assist understudies with learning explicit substance related vocabulary.On the board, pick a simple subject, for example, the home and make a MindMap setting the home at the middle and each room as a branch. From that point, you can fan out with exercises done in each room and furniture to be found. For further developed understudies, pick another zone of focus. Divide understudies into little gatherings requesting that they make a jargon outline dependent on a specific subject area.Example: house, sports, the workplace, etc.Students make jargon graphs in little groups.Copy understudy made jargon diagrams and appropriate the duplicates to different gathering s. Along these lines, the class produces a lot of new jargon in a generally short measure of time.â Further Suggestions Organized outline coordinators can be utilized to investigate jargon things dependent on grammatical forms and structure.Tables can be utilized to thoroughly analyze characteristics between comparative items. Timelines can be utilized to concentrate on tense usage.Venn charts can be utilized to discover basic phrasing. Making MindMaps Make a MindMap which is a kind of jargon outline with your educator. Compose your diagram by placing these words about a home into the outline. Start with your home, at that point branch out to rooms of the house. From that point, give the activities and items you may discover in each room. Here are a few words to kick you off: living roombedroomhomegaragebathroombathtubshowerbedblanketbookcaseclosetcouchsofatoiletmirrorNext, pick your very own subject and make a MindMap on a subject of your decision. Its best to keep your subject general so you can stretch out in a wide range of headings. This will assist you with learning jargon in setting as your brain will interface the words all the more without any problem. Put forth a valiant effort to make an extraordinary graph as youll share it with the remainder of the class. Thusly, youll have bunches of new jargon in setting to assist you with broadening your jargon. At long last, pick your MindMap or that of another understudy and compose a couple of sections about the subject.â Recommended Topics Instruction: Describe the training framework in your nation. What sort of courses do you take? What do you have to learn? Etc. Cooking: Categorize dependent on dinners, sorts of food, kitchen gear, etc.Sports: Choose a particular game, for example, football, ball or tennis. Branch out into gear, rules, garments, uncommon terms, and so on.

Karyotyping (cellular chemistry) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Karyotyping (cell science) - Assignment Example DNA strands are efficiently twisted around a few times over to allow capacity without relinquishing the proficiency of directed interpretation of the coded data into proteins, which are basic atomic segments of natural procedures (Gilbert 9). Deformity in the exceptionally sorted out structure chromosomes will along these lines hinder either the guideline of quality interpretation, or the interpretation procedure itself. Karyotyping is the assessment of chromosomes of a specific example of cells to recognize contrasts in the chromosomes’ number and structure. Cells might be acquired from amniotic liquid, blood, bone marrow, or placenta. As referenced before, such variations shows genuinely and practically. For instance, chromosomal variation may influence fetal turn of events, particularly when the site of imperfection includes qualities vital for embellishment a youngster from a unicellular zygote. In such cases, either a couple can't create a posterity and ceaselessly endure unnatural birth cycles, or physical variations from the norm and useful deformities are clear after their infant is conceived. The variations from the norm may show when the child has been conveyed, or may set aside some effort to be watched. Furthermore, chromosomal abnormalities can likewise incline somebody to build up specific illnesses, for example, malignancy (Chambers 2009). When karyotyping was performed on a multi year old male griping of barrenness, it was resolved that he has an additional X chromosome, a condition known as Kleinfelter’s disorder. This additional duplicate of X chromosome, explicitly the qualities that accompany it, meddles with the best possible capacity of testicles in its creation of suitable sperm cells and testosterone. Each can solely cause the barrenness experienced by the patient. In addition, he may likewise have had little testicles, huge bosoms, and decreased facial and body hair. The patient is additionally inclined to creating bosom malignant growth and fundamental

Pluto Flyby

Pluto Flyby Close up shot of Pluto. (Image Credit: NASA) On Jan 19, 2006, the New Horizons team at NASA launched a space probe to the Kuiper Belt. Nine and half years and 3 billion miles later, it has reached its destination and made its closest approach to Pluto. It sent back a preliminary photo of Pluto, much crisper than the 1996 Hubble photo. Right now the probe is facing towards Pluto to collect data. Once its finished, it will turn back to the Earth and begin transmit it. The New Horizons team estimates 16 months before all the data is fully transmitted. But when the data is fully transmitted and the full resolution photos arrive, scientists will be able to pick out details on Pluto as small as the ponds in New York Citys Central Park. Photos of Pluto in 1930, 1996, and 2015 pic.twitter.com/Nfw63iQBjG â€" John D. Cook (@JohnDCook) July 14, 2015 Richard Binzel, a New Horizons mission co-investigator, is also professor in MITs Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. Hes been studying Pluto for 35 years and helped design the New Horizons spacecraft. “Just the inspiration of that human spirit of exploration the insatiable curiosity we have as a species I hope that gets into the minds and hearts of every kid around the world,”  said Binzel, according to an article in CBS Boston. MIT professor Richard Binzel, MIT graduate student Alissa Earle, and Cristina Dalle Ore (SETI Institute) react to seeing the spacecrafts latest image of Pluto. (Image Credit: Bill Ingalls/NASA) But Richard Binzel isnt the only MIT affiliate working with New Horizons. In fact, MIT has had a long history with Pluto: Professor Jim Elliot MIT EAPS (Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences) professor. Pioneer of the stellar occultation technique that led to the discovery of Uranus rings, as well as Plutos atmosphere by his steam including Leslie Young. Professor Richard Binzel MIT EAPS professor. Co-investigator on the New Horizons Team and expert on near-Earth asteroids. Among other things, Binzel invented the Torino Scale, a method for categorizing the danger levels of near-Earth objects like asteroids. He was also on the committee that developed the proposal on whether Pluto should be considered as a planet. Michael Person 94, SM01, PhD 06 Research scientist aboard SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy), a high-altitude NASA plane that went over New Zealand on June 29 to catch the stellar occultation of of Pluto passing directly between Earth and a distant star. The way Pluto blocked the starlight gave hints as to its atmospheric composition. Amanda Bosh 86, PhD 94 MIT Lecturer, part of a team in Arizona that triangulated the planetary and stellar positions at the same time as Person. Read more about Person and Bosh in  QA: Catching Plutos shadow | MIT News. Eliot Young ScD 92 MIT grad student studying planetary sciences in the late 1980s. Worked with Professor Jim Elliot and Ted Dunham to build instruments for airborne missions, including ones to study Pluto. Then worked to map out the dark and light areas of Pluto by measuring how Plutos face dimmed as sections of it eclipsed with Charon a property called albedo between 1985 and 1995 when Pluto and Charon where regularly eclipsing each other. Leslie Young PhD 94 Deputy project scientist on the New Horizons mission. Shes been studying Pluto since the 80s, helping to discover Plutos atmosphere as an undergrad at Harvard. Her MIT team, led by Jim Elliot, used stellar occultations to deduce properties about Pluto. In measuring how much the light dims during an eclipse, Leslies team more closely estimated Plutos size. And in noting whether the light dims suddenly or slowly, Leslies team deduced that Pluto did have an atmosphere. Her first job out of college was programming for Jim Elliot at MIT. She then did her doctoral thesis on Pluto with Elliot as her adviser. Now works for the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). When Leslie and Eliot Young were growing up in Newton, Massachusetts, family life revolved around their father, Larry Young, a legendary researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge. Young specializes in the biological effects of weightlessness, and he trained to fly on the space shuttle although he never went into orbit. Read more about Leslie and Eliot in Planetary science: The Pluto siblings | Nature Cathy Olkin 88, PhD 96 Another of New Horizons deputy project scientists. Was part of Jim Elliots MIT group a few years after Leslie. She also worked on observing occultations and has chased Plutos shadows across Pacific islands and New Zealand, as they require very time-crucial measurements. Amanda Zangari PhD 13 Postdoctoral Researcher at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) working with NASA’s New Horizons Mission. She has a blog called Postcards from Pluto where she shares all the different tasks from her job. She studied astrophysics at Wellesley College and then went on to graduate school at MIT, graduating with a PhD in Planetary Science. Alissa Earle Current MIT graduate student pursuing her doctorate in planetary sciences, working for New Horizons. She graduated undergrad in 13 with a physics and math major from Sienna College. She appears in the New Horizons photo above next to Binzel. But why is all this important though? Its just a rock, right? Well, no, we cant even be too sure what it is yet. Its in the Kuiper belt, in the far reaches of our solar system. And the Kuiper belt could be home to many strange things we have no idea about. Pluto isnt one of our terrestrial planets like Venus or Earth nor is it a gas giant like Jupiter or Saturn. It, along with the possibly millions of other cosmic bodies whirling around in the Kuiper belt, are another thing entirely. And now we have crystal clear photos to figure it out. The last time a space probe visited a new world for the first time was when Voyager 2 shot photos of Neptune during its flyby in 1989. And now, in 2015, the initial survey of all the known planets, starting when NASAs Mariner 4 flew by Mars and captured its first images fifty years ago, has been completed. We should feel proud we will soon know much more about Pluto that may surprise us. Textbooks will change, but our movies and fiction books might too. When Mars was heavily surveyed, Martian films became popular. The same may go for Pluto. In the realm of politics, things may be different too. America is now the first and only country to have surveyed all the major known bodies in our solar system. NASA continues to demonstrate American ingenuity and capability. Sadly it seems exploring a new major territory outside of the solar system is very unlikely with our lifetime, so enjoy this moment. It may be the last of its kind. What did you think of the flyby? Read More: Pluto Flyby: Anybody Home? | Slice of MIT MIT professor hopes Pluto flyby proves picture perfect | The Boston Globe 3 Questions: Richard Binzel on New Horizons closest view of Pluto | MIT News MIT Astronomer Was Gasping For Air After Seeing Historic Pluto Flyby | CBS Boston What New Horizon Means to An MIT Professor Who Spent Almost 35 Years On A Pluto Mission | RadioBoston

Identification Of Agency Brighton Recovery Center For Women

†¢ Identification of agency Brighton Recovery Center for Women, located in Florence, KY is one of the fifteen recovery centers for women that serve only females affected with addiction. Their main focus is to assist low-income women to recover from addiction (drugs and alcohol) and return back to normal life and possibly reunite with their children †¢ Rationale for agency I chose this agency based on my willingness to learn about the recovery options for those who are affected by drugs and alcohol addiction as alcohol and drug addiction are not only Kentucky’s but also national epidemic †¢ How did the agency come into being; how is funded Brighton Center has 50 years history of serving our communities and assisting individuals from their infancy through the adulthood and senior ages. Early childhood education, employment and workforce services, financial assistance, emergency housing are just a few services that Brighton Centers are providing to the individuals in need. To be more specific, Brighton Recovery Center for Women provides long-term residential treatment for women only who are affected by addiction and are low-income. Since majority of the residents were incarcerated prior to moving in the facility, Department of Correction finance about 60%. In addition to that, Department of Health (due to trauma) assist financially as well. The rest of finance comes from donations, VA Grant, and Kentucky Housing Corporation, as all resident have to apply for the Section 8 inShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesto some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s ScienceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesany form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks

Slavery As It Was a Book of Fight for Dignity and Freedom

Even the greatest minds of the past were twisted. In 1862, in order to observe the Civil War on his own, Nathaniel Hawthorne decided to leave New England and travel south. On his way he met a group of black slaves, who were making their way to the northern states. Later he wrote down his impressions of this meeting: â€Å"They seemed a kind of creature by themselves, not altogether human, but perhaps quite as good, and akin to the fauns and rustic deities of olden times.† Hawthorne did not mean to insult the slaves, but it was one of many sayings that stung David Brion Davis’s heart painfully enough to make him finish his final volume of the trilogy on slavery. â€Å"The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Emancipation† is an exceptional book, written by an American historian, whose main study fields are abolition and slavery. In the introduction of his work, Davis wrote: â€Å"I have long interpreted the problem of slavery, centering on the impossibility of converting humans into the totally compliant, submissive, accepting chattel symbolized by Aristotle’s ideal of the ‘natural slave’. † How derisive is the fact that it was the same country, where cruelty and injustice of slavery were as common, as dreams of freedom and equal opportunities for everyone. Living by double standards seems to be one of most common human traits. David Brion Davis appears to be more of a philosopher and a psychologist than just a historian in this work of his. Referring to the theories of Descartes and Freud, he claims slaveholders to project the qualities they suppressed in themselves onto their â€Å"living† property. That is where the myths of lazy, silly and imperfect black people came from. These myths were tools that gave white people something like potential rights to own blacks; they were just an excuse, which allowed the whites to take all the guilt away from themselves. In his book â€Å"The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Emancipation† Davis focuses mostly on abolitionism of the 19-th century and on the cultural, theological and intellectual origins of the American antislavery movement. He studies the aftermath of Haitian Revolution, the slave trade, the process of colonization and, naturally, he studies the movement of resistance – both of black and white abolitionists. He refers both to David Walker’s â€Å"Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World† and to The Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women, while exploring the matter of abolitionism and the concept of slavery itself. There are two main conclusions of his study. The first one is that the causes and motivations of abolitionism were diverse. And the second one†¦ According to Davis, â€Å"Moral progress seems to be historical, cultural and institutional, not the result of a genetic improvement in human nature.†

Spring and All Free Essays

In William Carols Williams’ poem â€Å"Spring and All,† he uses vivid images and metaphors to compare nature to those who endure a deadly disease while quarantined in a contagious hospital. The piece of land surrounding the hospital has been tainted by the dead of winter, which is used to represent those who lost their lives due to the sickness. Then the speaker describes the appreciated transformation the land begins to show, as winter slowly turns into spring. We will write a custom essay sample on Spring and All or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dead piece of land beginning to show signs of life is used to represent the few that survive and will get o leave the dreary hospital. The speaker describes the piece of land surrounding the hospital as muddy, lifeless, and cold. The description of the land during winter is used to symbolize the gloomy feel of the hospital and those who will never leave it, consumed by their illness. Like winter, those who have died are like â€Å"twiggy/ stuff of bushes and small trees/ with dead, brown leaves under them/ leafless vines-,† (10-13. ) The lifelessness of the land and the bare dead plants is used as a metaphor for the tragic deaths of the quarantined patients. The speaker describes the sky and weather as â€Å"mottled clouds driven from/ the northeast – a cold wind,† (3-4. ) The cold wind is used to symbolize the cold chill of death and the misery that will blow through families who lost their loved ones. The poem then begins to portray the beginning of spring and the diseased filled land commences on a slow transformation with a chance of vitality. The land Is â€Å"lifeless in appearance, sluggish/ dazed spring approaches,† (14-15. ) These lines are meant to symbolize the lives of those who struggled and survived through the Illness. At first they are stricken Ill and appear dead In their beds, but as spring approaches they awaken weak, but alive and full of hope. Spring approaches and â€Å"now the stark dignity of/ entrance – Still, the profound change/ has come upon them: rooted, they/ grip down and begin to awaken,† (25-28. ) Not only does the last stanza represent nature breaking through all the dead and being reborn but also those who survived a contagious disease and will receive another chance at life. Spring has always been a symbol of rebirth because dead, leafless, and flowerless plants begin new growth; animals awaken from their long winter slumber, and also a popular time for new life to enter the world. It makes sense that this poem compares spring with the lives of those who have overcome a serious Illness, and will get another shot at life, almost as If they have been reborn. In this poem, winter Is used as a symbol for those who lost their lives, and the sorrows that will freeze the hearts of their family and friends. On the other hand, spring Is used to Illustrate the rebirth of nature and the second chance to those who led on and fought to stay alive. As the land outside the contagious hospital begins to transform with new life and beautiful colors It represents the hope of those that survive and could look out one of the hospitals window and witness new life beginning to grow as they experience their own new chance at life. Work Cited Williams, William Carols. â€Å"Spring and All,† Literature: A Pocket Anthology. 4th deed. Deed. R. S. Gwynne. New York: Longhand, 2009. 597. Spring and All By Jones land commences on a slow transformation with a chance of vitality. The land is meant to symbolize the lives of those who struggled and survived through the illness. At first they are stricken ill and appear dead in their beds, but as spring approaches those who have overcome a serious illness, and will get another shot at life, almost as if they have been reborn. In this poem, winter is used as a symbol for those who lost their lives, and the spring is used to illustrate the rebirth of nature and the second chance to those who to transform with new life and beautiful colors it represents the hope of those that How to cite Spring and All, Papers

Gender Identity Paper free essay sample

This paper will attempt to discuss some of the effects hormones, biological, and environmental factors have on an individual’s sexuality. When a baby is born usually the first statement out of the doctor’s mouth is â€Å"it is a boy† or â€Å"it is a girl†. Society has traditionally believed one is born either male or female. If one is born male he is expected to be masculine, be attracted to women, and to pursue hobbies and behaviors considered to be manly. If one is born female she is expected to be feminine, to be attracted to men, and to pursue hobbies and behaviors considered to be feminine. Occasionally an individual may be born with nonconforming gender identity. What this means is an individual may be born with male or female genitalia but actually have interest and behaviors of the opposite sex. For individuals with this conflicting belief life may be extremely painful. Society deems one either male or female and has developed certain schemas for each gender. However one’s emotional gender identity may be contrary to what society has deemed the individual. A single sperm cell which fertilizes an ovum, or egg, is called a zygote. A zygote contains all the information essential for the normal growth of a complete adult organism in its natural environment (Pinel, 2009). The zygote contains 23 pairs of chromosomes; half from the producer of the sperm and half from the producer of the egg. The cells of females only have the X chromosome, the cells of males have X and Y chromosomes; this means the male is responsible for the sex of the zygote (Pinel, 2009). A male zygote will have X and Y chromosomes while a female zygote will have only X chromosomes. Males and females produce the same hormones, androgens and estrogens, in different amounts. Males produce more testosterone, which is the most common androgen, and females produce more estradiol, which is the most common estrogen. Around the sixth week of gestation the Y chromosome of the male triggers the Sry protein which causes the primordial gonad to develop into a testis; in the absence of the Sry protein the primordial gonads automatically develop into ovaries (Pinel, 2009). Throughout the gestation period various other hormones are released to prompt the development of male or female genitalia. On occasion if the embryo is exposed to conflicting hormones there may be genital abnormalities. With the advances in medical technology it is possible for expectant parents to identify the sex of their unborn child. Once sex has been determined parents begin purchasing gender specific clothes, toys, and nursery items. This innocent act of the expectant parents begins the gender identity of an unborn child (Eliza, 2011). Traditional families, a mother, a father, and one or more children, is fast becoming a rarity in today’s society. Modern families may consist of two mothers, two fathers, a single parent male or female, or perhaps a grandparent. The environment in which a child is reared has some bearing on his or her sexual preference. A child reared in a traditional family, by grandparents, or perhaps by a single heterosexual parent may be encouraged to participate in gender specific play and to conform to gender specific roles. These children may also be corrected or disciplined when engaging in play or behaviors perceived to be in conflict with his or her gender. Whereas a child reared in a homosexual environment may be allowed or encouraged to explore his or her emotions of sexuality. Homosexuality has become more prevalent in today’s society; this could be a result in society’s tolerance of homosexuality and laws passed to ensure the equal treatment of homosexuals. The author tends to believe society’s tolerance of homosexuality has encouraged more individuals to express their homosexual tendencies. In times of the ancient Greek homosexuality and bisexuality were considered natural and normal. The increase in the popularity of Christianity was one of the major factors which affected society’s view of homosexuality. Christians considered homosexuality a sin and condemned the practice of homosexuality. However, the increase in gay rights and the implementation of policies which force society to tolerate homosexuality, such as laws against discrimination, has changed the view of homosexuality. Society has taken the subject of homosexuality away from being a moral issue and turned it into a personal preference. Through the readings of this course it is the author’s belief homosexuality is both a matter of choice and also an issue of biological abnormalities. The case studies found within the text indicate a stronger correlation between hormones and sexual preference. The case of the Twin Who Lost His Penis indicated the individual’s sexuality was imprinted from early childhood. The loss of his penis and his being forced to be raised as a girl had no bearing on his male tendencies. Despite the fact he was forced to live like a girl he always â€Å"felt† like a boy. It is the opinion of the author biological factors plays a stronger role in determining ones sexuality. Environmental factors such as society’s view of homosexuality have also played an important role in the acceptance of such behavior. Through the ages society has dictated the types of behaviors and actions which are acceptable and â€Å"normal†. A generation ago smoking was acceptable and homosexuality was considered abnormal. Today’s society says smoking is unacceptable and homosexuality is normal. It is not the author’s intention to pass judgment only to direct attention to the changes society has made throughout history. One may only speculate what changes the future holds. References Eliza, A. D. , Maria, R. S. , amp; Amy, L. S. (2011). Childhood gender identity . . . disorder? developmental, cultural, and diagnostic concerns. Journal of Counseling and Development : JCD,  89(3), 360-366. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/873035547? accountid=35812 Pinel, J. (2009). Biopsychology. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Kate Essays - Films, Three Colors White, Frdric Chopin, Karol

Kate Chopin And Athenaise In the story "Athenaise," Chopin portrayal of the character Cazeau is almost a direct reflection of the character Karol Karol from the film "White." Both men love their respective wives deeply, but they also realize that their wives do not feel the same. These men have to struggle with the inner turmoil of letting go of the women they love. In the film "White," the director portrayed the change in Karol Karol through the use of flashbacks. Kieslowski uses flashbacks to show us Karol's past. This is done many times throughout the film; the audience saw Karol Karol reflect back to his wedding day as he walked up the steps of the court house on his way to his divorce hearing. This flashback was interrupted when a bird relieved himself on Karol Karol; the author used the bird as a subtle kickback to reality. Kieslowski uses this method many more times in the duration of the film, and as a result he shows the importance of Karol Karol letting go of his wife. Chopin also used flashbacks to show us the change in Cazeau. The character Cazeau is in love with Athenaise, but she like Karol's wife Dominique does not feel the same about Cazeau. Athenaise ran away to her parents house, and Cazeau followed her determined to take her home with him. The flashback occurred on their trip home. Cazeau and Athenaise passed an oak tree on their journey, and this tree triggered the flashback. Cazeau upon seeing this tree recalled a memory of when he and his father were returning a runaway slave to their home. This memory caused Cazeau to feel as if he were treating Athenaise as a slave. The author used the flashback of Cazeau's youth to make the character realize the importance of freeing his wife. Both, Chopin and Kieslowski used flashback as a tool to bring about a change in both Karol Karol and Cazeau. In both stories the husbands loved their wives, but upon remembering a event of their past the husbands both felt that for all to be happy it would be best for them to let go of their love. There is a strong similarity between the way both characters went through their change, and also in the change that occurred.

Atomic Absroption Spectroscopy essays

Atomic Absroption Spectroscopy essays Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers An atomic absorption spectrophotometer consists of many complex and integral pieces. These components work together to help determine the concentrations of many different elements in various products to a very precise and accurate value. The instrumentation can vary depending on the use the machine is designed for, and the amount of accuracy that is required. There are four basic components of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. They are as follows: a narrow band source of EMR (electromagnetic radiation), the sample compartment where the sample is atomized, a monochromator which is used to isolate the certain wavelength of EMR you are interested in, and a detector which determines how much of the EMR was absorbed scattered by the sample. The most common source used in atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a hollow cathode lamp (HCL). The HCL has two electrodes, an anode that is negatively charged, and a cathode having positive charge. This charge is a result of a large electrical potential across the electrodes. These electrodes are contained in a sealed glass tube filled with an inert gas such as argon or neon. This inert gas is to prevent the oxidization of the electrodes. The anode is made of tungsten and the cylindrical cathode is made of the element of interest. This results in that a different lamp is required for each element t hat is to be analysis, but it is possible to buy lamps which have cathodes made of multiple materials making it possible to analyze more than one element at a time. The EMR that is created from the lamp is focused on the sample compartment in a fine beam. In the sample compartment the sample is atomized, by either flame atomization or by electro thermal atomization. In the flame atomization the sample is introduced into laminar flow burner where the sample is mixed with the fuel and oxidant and introduced into the flame as a smooth (laminar) flow. The mixture t...

Finance and funding in travel and tourism sector Assignment

Finance and funding in travel and tourism sector - Assignment Example Such costs are therefore apportioned on the basis of any formula or any other mechanism. Such costs include administrative costs like janitorial services, utilities etc. Fixed Costs: These costs remain constant irrespective of the level of the activity. For instance, the machinery fuel consumption; this will not be reduced or increased with the level of production. Rather, the fuel expenses will be distributed over the units produced. Therefore, it is the behaviour of the fixed costs that they remain fixed in totality but reduce per unit as the production increases. Variable costs: Variable costs are such costs, which increase or decrease with respect to the level of the activity. For example, the labour cost for the production of the units of product will be nil in case the production halts and will be increased when the production starts. Such costs behave parallel to the level of the activity. Semi-variable costs: Semi-variable costs are such costs which consist of the features of variable costs also and that of the fixed costs. It implies that such costs are fixed up to a certain extent and then they get parallel to the level of the activity. Cost volumes are significant in decision-making process of the management. Things get managed when they get measured; this is the main reason why costs volumes are always monitored. Constraints are established for the costs levels so that they do not exceed the prescribed budget. Costs volumes analysis sets the direction for the controls to be applied on different components of the variable costs. In addition to this, once the cost volumes are established, they can be then compared with the costs of prior periods, competitors and other departments by way of benchmarking. Comparison with prior period assists in comparisons and variance analysis with respect to the previous years. The results of the previous year are

Ethical consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical consumerism - Essay Example In addition, the company avoids criminal acts such as corruption and fraud. It is also committed to helping the community by participating in charity events. This has contributed to its good reputation in the market. Ethical consumerism refers to buying or using products that are ethically manufactured and delivered. In the current market world consumers highly value ethically produced goods (Payne 2012, P. 1). Examples of ethically produced goods include those that can be recycled. Companies that produced such kind of goods are viewed as ethical companies because they care about environmental sustainability. Such companies indicate how their products can be recycled on their product labels. In addition, the processes of producing the goods have to be ethical. For instance, ethical production includes avoiding child labor and overexploitation of workers. Buying goods that are produced by underpaid workers or slavery is not ethical consumerism (Payne 2012, P. 1). Other products that fall under ethical categories include those that organically produced goods. Such goods do not contain chemicals that may harm the health of consumers. Other products in this category include cosmetic, fashion, electr onic and insurance products. By buying such goods one qualifies to be an ethical consumer. One can be an ethical consumer without knowing, however; ethical consumerism involves being aware of ethically produced goods in order to prevent abuse and exploitation. An example of a firm that claims to operate ethically is Dell Company. The company is ranked among the most ethical firms globally in the year 2014 (Ben 2014, p.1). The ethics and values of the company include carrying out its operations in integrity ways, focusing on accountability, and commitment to engage with its consumers and suppliers in ethical ways. The company has used various approaches in order to achieve the high position

Analyse Nestles Outsourcing Strategies Marketing Essay

Analyse Nestles Outsourcing Strategies Marketing Essay Nestle is world leading food and beverage company in the world. Nestle made up of merging with a number of food companies, Nestlà ©, the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company and Rowntrees of York. Henri Nestles story started in Switzerland in 1986 by milk producing for infant. Then the companys products have become successful so they expanded products and sales until in 1905 Nestle merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. In 1988 Nestlà © acquired Rowntrees, the famous British confectioners (Nestle, 2012).Nestle has produced a wide range of products and services, such as, baby foods, bottled water, cereals, chocolate and confectionery, coffee, culinary, chilled frozen food, dairy, drinks, food service healthcare nutrition, ice cream, pet care, sport nutrition, weight management. In addition, it has several brands, including Hà ¤agen-Dazs, Nescafà ©, Coffeemate, Maggi, Kitkat, Milo. Nestles headquarter is located in Vevey, Switzerland, but the company has 450 factories a nd operations in 86 countries (Nestle, 2012). In 2012, Nestles sales was 92.2 billion Swiss Franc (Martello And Child-Villiers 2012). Nestle sets their mission that Good Food, Good Life which means nestle offers their customers the excellence tasting and plentiful nutrition including healthy and wellness from every morning to night (Nestle, 2012). Because Nestle is a world company and produce a wide range of product, many processes are complicated, so the company cannot run all processes by itself. One of the supporters is outsourcing which help the company in several aspects such as cost reduction, unnecessary task reduction. In this report shows analyse Nestles outsourcing strategies in task 1 and demonstrates Nestles challenges and suggest solutions based on outsourcing theories in task 2. The final section is conclusion. Task 1 Analyse Nestles Outsourcing Strategies Information technology system outsourcing One of the significant tools of outsourcing to help business improve efficiency is information technology (IT). The Nestles objectives of outsourcing are cost reduction and reduce task which is not important, so the company can focus on their core processes.(Nestle, 2012) What Nestle uses to determine that the company should outsource or keep it in-house are how the processes or operations important and capacity of its own according McIvors theory (2008).McIvors theory (2008) explains that if any processes are the core processes of the company and the company is less potential, the company should consider that whether the processes can be copied. If the processes can be easy to replicate, the company should keep in-house, on the other hand, if they are difficult to copy, the company can outsource. Analysing Nestle, Nestle outsources IT system because Nestle which is the food company is less potential in this function when compare with the company which directly respond IT system, so the outsourcing from specialise outsourcing could provide better results. In addition, only IT system is not core competitive advantages for the food company, however, it is critical factor to support Nestle, so outsource IT help Nestle can focus on their core business such as food production. According Han and Mithas (2003) states Information technology (IT) provides the infrastructure for the management of information. IT also provides information visibility across the supply chain; furthermore, helps reduce supply chain information complexity. As a consequence, it brings about communicative reduction between buyer and supplier as well as accurate forecasting demand, improve responsiveness and cost reduction (Willcocks and Fitzgerald 1993). In case of Nestle, they have used OmPrompt EDI services which is an outsourced service that automates the processing of orders, invoices and proof of delivery documentation from any format to any format, no intervention required (OmPrompt, 2013) to improves supply chain efficiency. In addition, OmPrompt also establishes automating communication, connected communities between suppliers, retailers, logistics service provider and distribution centre. However, normally, almost huge manufactures or retailers usually have EDI system in operations, for smaller players about 80% of companies who represent 20% of volume, they cannot afford for EDI system, and so placing the orders from them is still the problem in term of demand forecasting, errors, delays, and unnecessary costs for all partners.To solve the problem for Nesltle by changing invisible data from small retailers to visible, The manufacturer has deployed OmPrompts Intelligent Message Management service to enable them to receive  orders  from smaller retailers in the same format and with the same degree of accuracy as they do from the UKs largest supermarkets (OmPrompt, 2013). David Walker (2013), Nestle customer services manager explains that the results of OmPrompt system were used to compare with the existing manual order entry processes. The output from new system shows that it was highly accurate without any mistake. As a consequence, Nestle has hugely developed accuracy of order replenishment processes. It has influenced on increasing customer satisfaction and the cost of reverse logistics reduction as well (OmPrompt, 2013). The next IT system is RFID. It is a popular technology which has been used to drive supply chain management. It does not only provide benefits as mentioned before but also helps the company can control and become more centralisation. In addition, From RFID is the automated systems; it can reduce a number of employees and tasks, such as receiving and putting away, picking and shipping goods. It also contributes to supply chain flow quicker and reduce risk of holding many of stocks. (Anderson, 2006) For example, Nestle Chile S.A. outsources Ryder to manage its distribution network in South American country. William Beltran (2006) said outsourcing Ryder help Nestle monitors their supply chain from centre easier because Ryder applied radio frequency identification (RFID) devices with transportations and two distribution centres which serve more than six hundreds customers and handle about sixty to eighty vehicles a day. The result was Nestle can see track their vehicles and manage wareho use better (RFID CENTER, 2013), so Nestle can reduce time to launch new product to the market and increase customer satisfaction. Moreover, Macfarlane and Sheffi (2003) describe that RFID can improve product security, track the problems, save cost and energy. For instance, in Italy, Nestle installed RFID tags with ice cream products and readers in trucks, distribution center and retailers freezers or refrigerators to check temperature that it is not too warm or too cold. The data is shown across of logistics process in real time. The company can know whenever any freezer or refrigerator is broken and can protect product spoilage which leads to lose revenue and stock (Wessel, 2008). In addition, RFID can reduce cost and energy. Nestle can identify some freezers and refrigerators they set too cold, so they cause wasting energy and cost. Marasi ,a supply chain ice cream and frozen food project and quality manager at Nestlà © Italy, states, we estimate that the cost for freezer energy across Italy is several million euros. If we just save 5 to 10 percent, this is a big savings and a boost to the environment (Wesse l, 2008). Furthermore, the data which is collected is used to send to improve the potential of the company by research and develop team (Wessel, 2008). Logistics and supply chain outsourcing Nestle outsources Geodis to manage its logistics and supply chain in France. Nestle target is reduced transportation cost which is about 10-15% of finished product (ElAmin, 2006).   In the beginning, Nestle assigned Geodis to study its supply chain flow to identify the area which will be improved. After six months, Geodis sent the result and recommendation solutions to Nestle. After considering the result, Nestle appointed Geodis as its logistics provider for three years for all it transportation flow. In return Geodis has made performance guarantees relating to quality, optimisation and total cost reduction. Geodis will be looking to improve Nestles transport and supply chain flows, logistics, management of service providers and invoice checking, among other factors (ElAmin, 2006)  . Following the agreement Geodis have to manage production flow for six Nestle France plants. The process made up of 17,000 transport orders per year from 182 suppliers and 250 contries (ElAmin, 2006). In term of contracting and relationship, we can notice that Nestle used a short term contract in the beginning to ensure the outsourcing company that can respond Nestles need by assigning the outsourcing company as a third party to identify the Nestle problems and solutions. This step shows relationship between Nestle and Geodis that they are unfamiliar, so Nestle had to measure Geodis performance before they offer larger jobs and long term contract. When Geodis can do the job well, so Nestle was satisfied the result and offer the long term contract and shift relationship with Geodis from 3PL to 4PL to manage its all supply chain. They become more close relationship. However, Renew contracting in the future also depends on Geodiss performance for Nestle. On the other hand, if the result from Geodis after six months is not done well, Nestle can change the company or give recommendation to improve the outsourcing performance. This choice is better than offering long term contract for u nfamiliar company. It also can reduce long term risk, if the outsourcing company is ineffective. In addition, expert outsourcing can support companys strategy and reduce company tasks. When the companys market is expanded, a number of facilities and equipments have to increase to support more inventories. In some aspects the company has to spend more money to support larger markets, therefore using expert outsourcing companies can be an option to reduce cost because they are usually ready in term of competency, equipments and resources. For Nestles example, in the past decade, Nestles products in Malaysia are increased demand several-fold. It is the Nestles reason to change pallet management from doing in-house to outsourcing to CHEP, the worlds leading experts in pallet pooling. Nestlà © Malaysias Group Operations Manager, Supply Chain Division, Zainal Malek Bapoo said CHEP specialises in pallets and the worry for Nestlà © Malaysia is gone, which allows us to concentrate on our core competency (CHEP, 2013). CHEPs strengths understand the processes and are ready to provide enough pallet volume for Nestles need. It helps Nestle get more flexibility in control in peak time such as in festivals or important events which usually has high demands. Nestle and CHEP also cooperate to find solution for the problem as a partner. Whats more, CHEP can support Nestles strategy such as lean management. Nestles lean strategic target is to reduce pallet losses to low level, optimising usage along the supply chain. CHEPs solution can increase supply chain efficiency, reduce cost and losses (CHEP, 2013). Task 2 Nestles Challenges and Solution Corporate social responsibility  (CSR)  and ethic challenge From Nestle is the world company, so ethic and responsibility for social and environment are important. For example, in February 2012 Nestle joined Fair Labour Association to create sustainable supply chain and prevent child labour on cocoa supply chain in Ivory Coast (CNN, 2012). As a result, when Nestle outsources any company, Nestle should identify this standard to the third party or set the criteria in the contract or agreement to the third party following the same way that Nestle responds to social otherwise Nestle might force problems from what outsource do. For instance, when independent investigator examines Nestles cocoa processes in Ivory Coast, they found that Nestles outsourcing using child labours to harvest raw cocoa for a long time (CNN, 2012, Thetimes100, n.d.B). Cost reduction in the supply chain is very critical, but taking advantages from child labour is the issue which many companies around the world such as Coke, KFC,Mcdonald are concerning is one of the CSR whic h the company should show responsibility.(Ronnie,2000 Lobe,2004 Farcic,2012 ). In this case, it also destroyed Nestles reputation and image although Nestle did not do that directly, but it came from what third party or supplier do. Although it is difficult to check all process of outsourcing, Nestle should prepare processes to cross-check outsourcings operation. For example, sending staff to visit the outsource processes and give recommendation to improve and find solution for the problems. The good case study which Nestle can use to be example is IKEA, home furnishing company focusing on sustainability and social responsibility from all processes of supply chain, so IKEA set its vision that to create a better everyday life for many people. IKEA uses suppliers to provide raw material in primary stage to produce products. IKEA checks the environmental impacts and keep an eye on responding to the social at suppliers. Furthermore, IKEA sets conditions such as no allowing child labour, emissions reduction, to the suppliers before sign the contract. Every condition help to develop sustainability and social. To control suppliers, IKEA also analyses documents and records and visit on-site on occasions to make sure its suppliers are still following the agreements. IKEA works with UNICEF to develop community program in India to prevent child and raise awareness (Thetimes100, n.d.A). In addition, Nestle can adapt the result from launch cocoa plan Indonesia, the worlds third largest coffee producing country (CNN, 2012). Nestle assigns research and develop team in France to study about how to improve productivity, and then send their staff to help the farmers improve lives. Nestlà © and partners to train farmers provide plant expertise and support supply chain transparency. It also aims to improve livelihoods by focusing on projects related to nutrition education, water and rural development (Badasha,K, 2012). Nestle can use this concept to launch in Ivory Coast as well. It can help the farmers improve effective and earn more money; on the other hand, Nestle will get more raw materials. It means win-win situation, which can cause sustainability to the supply chain. Supplier Selection Challenge In 2007 Nestle outsourced Barry Callebaut to manufacture its chocolate products while Hersheys and Cadbury which are chocolate companies also chose Barry Callebaut to produce their products. Until 2012 Nestle decided to stop outsourcing from any company and keep production at York where can produce 8000 tons of dark chocolate for Kit Kat (BarryCallebaut, 2012, Nieburg, 2012).   Before outsourcing should be carefully considered in many respects such as Nestles capacity, relationship between outsource company and competitors. When we consider the situation we can see that Nestle is large food company. Chocolate is the popular products and Nestle familiars with productive processes for a long time (Nestle, 2013). Producing chocolate can be the core process and strength of the company, so Nestles potential can support chocolate production by itself. Although outsourcing Barry Callebaut reduced Nestles tasks and boost Nestle performance up, Barrt Callebaut also is outsourced from Hershey and Cadbury which are Nestles competitors. As a result, Nestle should make sure that its important information will not be shared to competitors because many times competitors have close relationship with third party. When Nestle stop outsourcing from Barry Callebaut. Barry Callebaut use knowledge from Nestle to support competitors or create own products to challenge Nestles mar ket. In this case, Nestle should invest to develop its potential at the beginning to keep significant processes in-house or find effective companies which can rely on only Nestle and improve relationship with them, however, Nestle should study more about background of the outsource company including its customer or any company which they are supporting. Supply Chain Challenge Nestle establishes its huge logistics by using two largest UK distribution centre in York and Bardon in Leicestershire. In 2002 Nestle faced problems of over and under utilisation with two distribution centre because it sold off a critical part of Premier food business although Nestle outsourced TDG, one of the greatest supply chain providers to control operation in two hubs. Nestle assigns York to respond Nestlà ©s confectionery products, the rest of products including food section are handled by Bardon. After selling food part, it made Bardon be under utilisation, while York was supporting confectionery products over utilisation. It created unbalancing usage (Total-logistics. n.d.).   Re-engineering to solve the problem One of the possible solutions mitigate under utilisation affect of the food sectors by analyse and redesign function of two distribution centres to balance usage and improve to be regional centres by changing the existing responsibility for each hub from the old pattern to mix products in each distribution centre. It means each distribution centres should be assigned to carry the full range of products, so over utilisation from confectionery products could be shared to under utilisation in Bardon. In addition, it could reduce lead time in supply chain when shift distribution centres to be regional centres because in several cases Nestle negotiate with its customers to pick up the products at Nestles site (Total-logistics. n.d.)  , so Nestle could arrange the shortest distance between customers and its regional centres, on the other hand Nestle can also arrange its transportation and regional centres to suite the customers in each area. It makes Nestle increase responsiveness and save cost al well. However, the two hubs have to be linked in term of information system, processes and transportation. They should be generated by Nestle and TDG cooperation. For example, TDG at Bardon and also covered the AUTOSTORE warehouse management system (WMS) running all product movements at both sites. All of which would need to fit hand in glove with Nestlà ©s SAP enterprise resource planning (ERP) system located at the companys Croydon headquarters (Total-logistics. n.d.).   Conclusion As we can see, many things from outsourcing are support Nestle business such as IT, logistic and supply chain etc. The two main benefits from outsourcing are cost reduction and unnecessary operational reduction to help outsourcer can focus on the core operation of the business. As a result, many factors should be considered before outsource such as core competitive and potential of the company not only outsourcing but also the outsourcer to get the most value from outsourcing and not generate the bad impact to the company. Some perspectives from Nestle reflect and demonstrate outsourcing strategies and challenge from this report and can be studies more in the future.

Benefits of Jumma Prayer

Hadhrat Ali Ibn Abu Taalib (RA) narrated: on the pulpit in the mosque of Kufah: When Friday comes, the devils go to the markets with their flags, and involve people in their needsand prevent them from the Friday prayer. The angels come early in the morning, sit at the door of the mosque, and record that so-and-so came at the first hour, and so-and-so came at the second hour until the imam comes out (for preaching). When a man sits in a place where he can listen (to the sermon) and look (at the imam), where he remains silent and does not interrupt, he will receive a double reward.If he stays away, sits in a place where he cannot listen (to the sermon), silent, and does not interrupt, he will receive the reward only once. If he sits in a place where he can listen (to the sermon) and look (at the imam), and he does not remain silent, he will have the burden of it. If anyone says to his companion sitting besides him to be silent (while the imam is preaching), he is guilty of idle talk. A nyone who interrupts (during the sermon) will receive nothing (no reward) on that Friday. Then he (the narrator) says in the end of this tradition: I heard the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) say so. Abu Dawood 1046) 1. Jummah preparations should begin on Thursday such as clipping the nails, removing of the hair etc (Ihya aul-Uloom, vol. 1, page 161) 2. To have a bath (Ghusl) (Bukhari, Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah) On one Friday, Rasulallah said: â€Å"O Muslims! Allah Ta'ala has made this day a day of Eid. So have a bath on this day, whoever has perfume should apply it, and use the Miswaak. â€Å" (Ibn Majah) 3. To use Miswaak (Ibid) 4. To use Attar (Perfume) (Ibid) 5. To wear nice clothes (Abu Dawood, Chapter of Ghusl on the day of Jummah) 6. To proceed early as possible to the Masjid for JummahRasulallah (Pbuh) said: â€Å"On the day of Jummah, the angels stand at the entrance of that Masjid in which Jummah salaat is to be offered. They write down the name of the person who enters the Masjid first, and thereafter the name of the person who follows, and they continue doing this. The person who entered first will receive the reward of sacrificing a camel in the path of Allah; the one who followed him will get the reward of sacrificing a cow, thereafter a chicken, thereafter the reward of giving an egg as charity in the path of Allah.Once the khutbah commences, the angels close the register and begin listening to the khutbah. â€Å" (Bukhari and Muslim) 7. To walk to the Masjid if possible for every step is a reward of a years Nafl Fast (Tirmidhi) 8. One should listen very attentively to the khutba even if one does not understand. One should not speak or even warn another to keep quite while the khutba is in progress. 9. To try to sit as close as possible to the Imaam. (Ibn Majah, Tirmidhi) 10. If the Saffs (rows) are already filled, one should not jump over the shoulders of the musallies in order to get to the front. Abu Dawood) 11. One should not fiddle with clothes or fingers but listen attentively (Ibn Majah) 12. When Rasulallah (Pbuh) name is mentioned in the khutba then it is permissible to recite durood in the heart only without the movement of the lips or tongue. 13. Between the two khutba’s one should make dua. It is permissible to make dua without raising hands or moving the lips (I. e. dua should be made in the heart only without the movement of the lips or the tongue) (Aadaab -E – Zindagee) 14. To read: Surah Al A’ala (Sura no 87) in the first rakaat of Jummah Salah nd Surah Gaathia (Surah no 88) in the second rakaat. (Bukhari) 15. Related by Hakim and Bayhaqi, from Abu Sa`id â€Å"Whoever recites Surat al-Kahf on Friday, light shall shine forth for him between the two Fridays. † (Ibn Hajar, Talkhis al- Habir) 16. Rasulallah (Pbuh) is reported to have said, â€Å"Recite Durood upon me in abundance on the day of Jummah since they are presented to me. † (Ibn Majah) 17 . Making abundant dua on Jummah Rasulallah (Pbuh) said: â€Å"There is such an hour on Friday that if any Muslim makes dua in it, his dua will definitely be accepted. † (Bukhari, Muslim) 18 .Reciting Durood 80 times after Asr: According to a Hadith recorded in Tabarani on the authority of Abdullah Ibn Abbas (RA) : Abu Hurraira (RA) reports that the Holy Prophet (Pbuh) said: â€Å"Whoever recites the following Durood eighty times immediately after Asr Salaat on Friday, before standing up from his place, Allah will forgive eighty years of sins and grant him the reward equivalent to eighty years of worship. † Allahumma salli alaa muhammadinin nabiyyil ummiyyi wa-ala aalihi wasallim tasleema O Allah bless Muhammad, the unlettered Prophet, and his family and grant them best of peace. Jame Sagheer) 19. Abu Hurraira narrated that the Messenger of Allah (Pbuh) said: The five daily prayers, and from one Jummah to the next, are an expiation for whatever sins come in between, so long as one does not comm it any major sin. (Muslim, 233) 20. It was narrated from Abu Hurraira that the Prophet (Pbuh) said: Whoever does Ghusl then comes to Jummah, and prays as much as Allah decrees for him, then listens attentively until the khutbah is over, then prays with him (the imam), will be forgiven for (his sins) between that and the next Jummah and three more days. Muslim, 857) Al-Nawawi (Ra) said: The scholars said that what is meant by his being forgiven between the two Jummah and three more days is that a good deed is worth ten like it, so he will be rewarded with ten rewards for each of the good deeds that he did on Friday. Some of our companions said: What is meant by what is between the two Jummah is from Jummah prayer and the khutbah until the same time on the following Friday, so that it will be seven days, no more and no less, then three days are added making ten in all. 21. Coming early to Jummah brings a great reward.Abu Hurraira (Ra) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (Pbuh) said: â€Å"Whoever does Ghusl on Friday like Ghusl for janaabah, then goes to the prayer (in the first hour, i. e. , early), it is as if he sacrificed a camel. Whoever goes in the second hour, it is as if he sacrificed a cow; whoever goes in the third hour, it is as if he sacrificed a horned ram; whoever goes in the fourth hour, it is as if he sacrificed a hen; and whoever goes in the fifth hour it is as if he offered an egg. When the imam comes out, the angels come to listen to the khutbah. † (Bukhari, 814 and Muslim, 850) 2. If a person walks to Jummah prayer, for every step he will have the reward of fasting and praying qiyaam for one year. It was narrated from Aws ibn Aws al-Thaqafi that the Messenger of Allah (Pbuh) said: Whoever does Ghusl on Friday and causes (his wife) to do Ghusl, and sets out early, and comes close to the imam and listens and keeps quiet, for every step he takes he will have the reward of fasting and praying qiyaam for one year. † (al-Tirmidhi, 496 ) Ibn al-Qayyim (Ra) said in Zaad al-Maa’aad, 1/285: Finally after quoting the hadith which speak of the virtues of Jummah prayer:What we have quoted, when taken all together, indicates that the expiation of sins from one Friday to the next is subject to all the conditions mentioned above being met, namely doing Ghusl, cleaning oneself, putting on perfume, wearing one's best clothes, walking in a calm and dignified manner, not stepping over people, not pushing between two people, not offending others, praying nafil prayers, listening attentively and avoiding idle speech. May Allah give us the ability to act upon all of these virtuous deeds and Sunnah of Rasulallah (Pbuh). Ameen  ¦

Theological Virtues of Faith

The theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity furnish a strong basis for all other virtues. The cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance, are the foundation of all moral virtues. The theological virtues define our relations with God; the moral virtues define our relations with ourselves and our fellowmen. If we have these virtues, we are on the way to perfection. | 43. Moral Virtues Are there any other virtues besides the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity? –Besides the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity, there are other virtues, called moral virtues. . These virtues are called moral virtues because they dispose us to lead  moral, or good lives, by aiding us to treat persons and things in the right way, that is, according to the will of God. Moral virtues are opposed to the capital sins. For example,  humility  is opposed to pride;  liberality  is opposed to avarice;  chastity  is opposed to lust;  meekness  and  patience  are opposed to anger;  temperance  is opposed to gluttony;  brotherly love  is opposed to envy: and  zeal  and  diligence  in what is good are opposed to sloth. 2. Moral virtues are an outgrowth and  completion  of the theological virtues.The theological virtues perfect our interior being; the moral virtues perfect our  exterior. If we sincerely strive after these virtues, we are on the road to perfection. The theological virtues affect our relations with God; the moral virtues affect our relations with our neighbor and our own selves. For example, faith makes us believe in the existence of God. Temperance makes us regulate our appetites. Which are the chief moral virtues? –The chief moral virtues are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance; these are called cardinal virtues.All other moral virtues spring from the cardinal virtues. These are called  cardinal  from  cardo, the Latin word for  hinge, because all our moral a ctions turn on them as a door turns upon its hinges. All other moral virtues depend on them. How do prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance dispose us to lead good lives? –Prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance dispose us to lead good lives, as indicated below: 1. Prudence  disposes us in all circumstances to form right judgments about what we must do or not do. It teaches us when and how to act in matters relating to our eternal salvation. Prudence perfects the intelligence, which is the power of forming judgments; for this virtue, knowledge and experience are important. Prudence shows us how to leave earthly things in order to earn riches for eternity. It is the eye of the soul, for it tells us what is good and what is evil. It is like a compass that directs our course in life. It is opposed to worldly wisdom. â€Å"Be prudent therefore and watchful in prayers† (1 Pet. 4:7).Prudence is a virtue of the understanding. 2. Justice  disposes us to give ever yone what belongs to him. -It teaches us to give what is due to God and to man. It makes us willing to live according to the commandments. Justice perfects the will and safeguards the rights of man: his right to life, freedom, honor, good name, sanctity of the home, and external possessions. The just man is an upright man. He gives to every one his due: he gives God worship; the authorities, obedience; his subordinates, rewards and punishments; and his equals, brotherly love. Render to all men whatever is their due; tribute to whom tribute is due; taxes to whom taxes are due; fear to whom fear is due; honor to whom honor is due† (Rom. 13:7). 3. Fortitude  disposes us to do what is good in spite of any difficulty. -It gives us strength to do good and avoid evil in spite of all obstacles and afflictions. We possess fortitude when we are not hindered by ridicule, threats, or persecution from doing what is right; when we are ready, if necessary, to suffer death. The greatest for titude is shown by  bearing great suffering  rather than undertaking great works.No saint was ever a coward. The martyrs had fortitude. 4. Temperance  disposes us to control our desires and to use rightly the things which please our senses. -It regulates our judgment and passions, so that we may make use of temporal things only in so far as they are necessary for our eternal salvation. We have temperance when we eat and drink only what is necessary to sustain life, preserve health, and fulfill our duties. We should strive to be like St. Francis of Sales, who said: â€Å"I desire very little, and that little I desire but little. However, temperance does not consist in refusing or denying ourselves what is necessary, thus unfitting ourselves for good works. Which are some of the other moral virtues? –Filial piety  and  patriotism, which dispose us to honor, love, and respect our parents and our country. It is, however, no virtue but a sin if we are so prejudiced in f avor of our parents that we find no good in others; or if we are so â€Å"patriotic† that we see no good in other nations. The division and mutual antagonisms of nations and peoples in which certain ones rofess to find themselves as â€Å"superior† can certainly not please God; from them come war and revenge. God is Father of all nations and peoples, without exception. 1. Obedience, which disposes us to do the will of our superiors. Obedience consists not only in  doing  what is commanded by our superior, but in being  willing to do  what is commanded. One who grumbles and murmurs while doing what his mother asks him to do is not obedient. Obedience is a virtue only when one subjects his will to that of another for God's sake, not for material or natural motives.Christ is the model of obedience, for He obeyed completely and lovingly, even to the death of the Cross. â€Å"An obedient man shall speak of victory† (Prov. 21:28). 2. Veracity, which disposes u s to tell the truth. We should always be truthful, as children of God, Who is Truth itself. Veracity, however, does not require us to reveal secrets, or to reply to questions about which the questioner has no right to ask. In cases such as these, we should either remain silent, or return an evasive answer. â€Å"Wherefore, put away lying, and speak truth each one with his neighbor, because we are members of one another† (Eph. :25). 3. Patience, which disposes us to bear up under trials and difficulties. In sickness and ill fortune, in the difficulties of our occupations, in our weaknesses, let us have serenity of mind, for the love of God: â€Å"And bear fruit in patience† (Luke 8:15). â€Å"Be patient in tribulation, persevering in prayer† (Rom. 12:12). Besides these, there are many other moral virtues. Religion  is the highest moral virtue, since it disposes us to offer to God the worship that is due Him. Religion is classed under the virtue of justice.

Making Sense of Social Enterprise Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The paper states that social enterprise institute defined social enterprise as an organization or a venture that advances its social mission through entrepreneurial earned income strategies (Madhogaria, 2006, p. 1). According to Prof. Gregory Dees, a social entrepreneur combines the passion of a social mission with an image of business-like discipline, innovation and determination commonly associated with, for instance, the high tech pioneers of the Silicon Valley (Madhogaria, 2006, p. 1). Thus, it is evident that the role played by social enterprises in promoting the society and developing society is indispensable (Royce, 2007). StreetShine Business Model and OperationThe business model of Street shine is very much simple. The only intention was to satisfy the social needs and at the same time satisfy the own needs of the company. Providing job opportunities were also another major task for the company. Knowing the popularity of the shoe shining business in the US, StreetShine al so decided to launch the same kind of business in the UK. StreetShine was set up as a non-profit making subsidiary of the TRB (Thames Reach Bondway). The initial capital for the startup was invested an amount of 100,000 by the charitable trust, known as A Glimmer of Hope .We will write a custom essay sample on Making Sense of Social Enterprise or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In addition, the enterprise also wanted to become self-sufficient and hence for earning more revenue, it started to sell advertisement space at the kiosk. Hence, the business model was based on providing social support as well as earning revenue for the firm. The social services emerge in the form of employment opportunities being provided by the company.